In preparation for her son's wedding, Jeanne d'Albret had arrived in Paris, where she went on daily shopping trips. Religious war Won the war of the leagues, but I have 45 heretic princes, authority is in the red, so I can't make a religious Union. The Catholic League's presses and supporters continued to spread stories about atrocities committed against Catholic priests and the laity in Protestant England (see Forty Martyrs of England and Wales). Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes, Luis de Velasco y Velasco, 2nd Count of Salazar, Juan Fernández de Velasco, 5th Duke of Frías, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Wars_of_Religion&oldid=974018069, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from February 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2018, Articles needing additional references from February 2017, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, May 1573: Henry d'Anjou elected King of Poland, December 1588: Assassination of the Duke of Guise and his brother, This page was last edited on 20 August 2020, at 16:28. Meanwhile, Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, whom Henry III had made governor of Brittany in 1582, was endeavouring to make himself independent in that province. Henry's army swept through Normandy, taking town after town throughout the winter. [3] Humanist scholars, who approached theology from a new critical and comparative perspective, argued that exegesis of Scripture must be based on an accurate understanding of the language(s) and grammar(s) used in writing the Greek scriptures (New Testament) and also, later, the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament), rather than relying exclusively on the Vulgate, a Latin translation of the Bible, as in the Medieval period. Much of the conflict took place during the long regency of Queen Catherine de' Medici, widow of Henry II of France, for her minor sons. [22] At the same time, Francis was working on a policy of alliance with the Ottoman Empire. While historians have suggested Charles de Louvier, sieur de Maurevert, as the likely assailant, historians have never determined the source of the order to kill Coligny (it is improbable that the order came from Catherine).[59]. He was the leading minister of Geneva who invited John Calvin to serve there. Then, what had happened at Paris was repeated at Rouen (November 1591 – March 1592). These expansionist policies were at first tolerated by France powerless neighbors. However, the event is probably not gonna fire very often if at all anymore due to how slow the centers actually convert a province and how random the conversions seem.

Marguerite, Queen of Navarre, the sister of King Francis I and mother of Jeanne d'Albret, also became part of the circle. When he returned by invitation in 1541, he wrote the Ecclesiastical ordinances, the constitution for a Genevan church, which was passed by the council of Geneva[clarification needed]. The Battle of Ivry, fought on 14 March 1590, was another decisive victory for Henry against forces led by the Duke of Mayenne. William Farel also became part of the Meaux circle. Coligny and his troops retreated to the south-west and regrouped with Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, and in spring of 1570, they pillaged Toulouse, cut a path through the south of France, and went up the Rhone valley up to La Charité-sur-Loire. Reports of iconoclasm in Flanders led Charles IX to lend support to the Catholics there; French Huguenots feared a Catholic re-mobilisation against them. The edict of Nantes was revoked later in 1685 with the Edict of Fontainebleau by Louis XIV of France. Coligny, along with many other Calvinist nobles, arrived in Paris for the wedding of the Catholic princess Margaret of France to the Protestant prince Henry of Navarre on 18 August 1572. Although Francis firmly opposed Lutheranism as being heresy, the initial difficulty was in recognizing precisely what was heretical and what was not. This pivotal historical event involved a complete breakdown of state control resulting in series of riots and massacres in which Catholic mobs killed between 5,000 and 30,000 Protestants over a period of weeks throughout the entire kingdom.
The war was brief, ending in another truce, the Peace of Longjumeau (March 1568),[53] which was a reiteration of the Peace of Amboise of 1563 and once again granted significant religious freedoms and privileges to Protestants.[53]. [31] Their plans were discovered before they could succeed, and the government executed hundreds of suspected plotters.

Viewing the House of Guise as a dangerous threat to the power of the Crown, Henry III decided to strike first. Amidst fears of Huguenot reprisals for the murder, the Duke of Guise and his supporters acted. Now nothing at all. At the dawn of the 18th century, Protestants remained in significant numbers in the remote Cévennes region of the Massif Central. Hoping to turn over the city to Condé, the Huguenots of Toulouse seized the Hôtel de ville but were countered by angry Catholic mobs resulting in street battles and the killing of around 3,000—mostly Huguenots—during the 1562 Riots of Toulouse. They put emphasis on the literal interpretation of Scripture and highlighted Christ.


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